Evaluation of the impact of natural infections with Erwinia amylovora in quince (Cydonia oblonga) on some quality characteristics of fruits
Keywords:
fire blight, natural infection, fruit morphology, biochemical indicesAbstract
Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) is a monospecies of the genus Cydonia, a member of the subfamily Spiraeoideae, family Rosaceae, being related to several other fruit and ornamental species such as Pseudocydonia sinensis (Thouin) C. K. Schneid. (Chinese quince), Chaenomeles spp., (Japanese quince), Crataegus spp. (hawthorn), Mespilus sp. (medlar), precum și cu Pyrus spp. (pear) and Malus spp. (apple).
Erwinia amylovora (Burrill, 1882), is the agent that causes fire blight in some fruit and ornamental species. The disease was initially identified in the U.S. in wild species of the Rosaceae family, and with the introduction of breeded cultivars of apples and pears it spread rapidly.
The objective of this study was to determine the impact of natural fire blight infection on fruit quality in two quince cultivars (Bereczky and Aurii), by morphological (size, mass, shape index, etc.), senzorial (firmness) and biochemical (titratable acidity, soluble sugars) traits. The obtained results showed that fruits harvested from infected plants have smaller size and lower weight by 29,7 % in Bereczky, and 37,2 % in Aurii, compared to fruits harvested from healthy plants. Regarding the fruits qualitysenzorial and bichemical indices, the results showed higher firmness levels in infected variants in both varieties (8,71 + 0,28 kgf/cm2 -infected, compared to 7,22 + 0,28 kgf/cm2 -uninfected, in cv. Bereczky, and 8,08 + 0,09 kgf/cm2- infected, compared to 7,02 + 0,22 kgf/cm2 -uninfected in the cv. Aurii).
Therefore, natural infection with fire blight causes important changes in the morphological and biochemical quality characteristics of quince fruits, in particular by reducing the mass and size, the dry substance content and increasing firmness.
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