Origin and domestication of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59463/96dk5h47Keywords:
DNA, alleles, genotype, origin, grapevineAbstract
The origin of grapevine has been the subject of numerous, often divergent, interpretations in the specialized literature. The absence of direct genealogical evidence, the considerable expansion of the natural range of wild genotypes, and the pronounced variability of morphobiological traits have kept this issue open to ongoing research and continuous reevaluation. Recent studies support the hypothesis that the origin of grapevine was not a single, uniform process, but rather a pluricentric one, involving a common ancestral gene pool and taking place in several regions of Eurasia, each contributing independently to the genetic background of present-day cultivars. In the present study , samples belonging to the species Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris Gmel. were analyzed, along with two cultivated genotypes of Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa D.C., namely the cultivars ‘Chasselas doré’ and ‘Sauvignon Blanc’, used as reference materials. In addition, the study included interspecific genotypes obtained through the hybridization between Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa D.C. × Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx. Molecular analysis of genomic DNA was performed by isolating it according to a protocol based on the CTAB method , and the evaluation of DNA quality and quantity was performed using a NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer. Determination of the number and size of genomic alleles revealed a clear differentiation between wild genotypes of Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris Gmel. and cultivated genotypes of Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa D.C. The results confirm that , although the two subspecies share a common origin derived from an ancestral genetic pool, their current differentiation is the consequence of interspecific hybridization processes, anthropogenic selection, and long-term evolutionary adaptation mechanisms.
References
Alexandrov, E. (2020), Development of interspecific rhizogenic grapevine genotypes. Chișinău, 232 p.
Alexandrov, E., Botnari, V., Găina, B. (2020) Rhyzogenic interspecific grapevine varieties. Cultivation characteristics. Chișinău, 99 p.
Alexandrov, E. (2023), Grapevine genotypes in the context of changing climatic factors. Chișinău, 131 p.
Alexandrov, E. (2025), The vine in the Dniester–Prut interfluve region. Chișinău, 168 p.
Comșa, E. (1982), Considerations on the Relationship Between the Criş Culture and the Bugo-Dniester Culture. În: Crisia, XII, pp. 9-18.
Komarov, V. (1938), The origin of cultivated plants. Moscow. 252 p.
Komarov, V. (1960), The origin of cultivated plants. In: Selected Works in 12 Volumes, Vol. 12. Moscow–Leningrad.
Kuz’minova, N., Dergachev, V., Larina, O. (1998) Paleobotanical research at the Sakarovka settlement 1. V: Revista Arheologică, № 2, s. 166–182.
Mihăilescu, C. (2004), Moldova's climate and hazards. Trends, current status, and forecasts. Chișinău, 192 p.
Pop, R., Ardelean, M., Gaboreanu, I., Raica, P., Pamfil, D., Cordea, M. (2006), RAPD analysis used to determine molecular-level polymorphism in grapevine cultivars from S.D.E. In: Lucrări științifice, XLVII, vol. 1(49). Seria Horticultură, Universitatea de Științe Agricole și Medicină Veterinară „Ion Ionescu de la brad”, Iași. pp. 389-394.
Pop, R. (2008), Study of somaclonal variability in grapevines using molecular markers. Cluj-Napoca: Bioflux, 264 p.
Rybin, V. (1936), Hybrids of the tern and the alycha and the problem of the origin of the cultivated plum. V: Trudy po prikl. bot., genet. i selektsii. Ser. 11, No.10.
Rybin, V. (1951), Experimental data on the hybrid origin of the orchard plum (Prunus domestica L.). Trudy Krymskogo filiala AN SSSR, T. 1, s. 45–61.
Shtefyrtsa, A. (1971), The Myotrophic flora of Bursuk Village in Moldova. Dissertation for the Degree of Candidate of Biological Sciences. Leningrad–Kishinev. 205 st.
Shtefyrtsa, A. (1973), Systematic composition and ecological characteristics of the miocene flora of Bursuk (Moldova) based on the results of leaf and paleocarpological studies. V: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. Tom 209, No. 2, st. 447–450.
Shtefyrtsa, A. (1974), The flora of Rannesarmatskaya, Bursuk. Kishinev. 153 st.
Vavilov, N. (1926) Centers of origin of cultivated plants. Trudy po prikladnoy botanike i selektsii. Leningrad. T. 16, 2.
Vavilov, N. (1938), The significance of interspecific hybridization in breeding and evolution. V: Izv. AN SSSR: Seriya biologicheskikh nauk, № 5, s. 543–563.
Vavilov, N. (1960), Botanical and geographical foundations of breeding. In: Selected Works in 5 Volumes, Vol. 2. Moscow–Leningrad.
Vinograd (2018), Collective monograph, pod red. V.V. Vlasova. Odessa. 616 st.
Yakubovskaya, T. (1955) The Sarmatian flora of Moldova SSSR. V: Trudy Botanicheskogo instituta im. V.L. Komarova AN SSSR. Seriya 1, vyp. 2.
Yanushevich, Z. (1986), Cultural plants of the Northern Black Sea region: Paleoethnobotanical Studies. Kishinev, 90 st.
Yanushevich, Z., Pelyakh, M. (1971), The vineyards of Moldova. Kishinev, 107 st.
Yanushevich, Z., Kiskin, P. (1986), Euro-Asian grapevine. V: Entsiklopediya vinogradarstva v 3-kh tomakh. Kishinev. Tom 1, st. 401–403.
