Climate change a necessity оn the process of improvement and cultivation of the grapevine

Abstract

The grapevine genotypes created so far meet certain requirements and are highly appreciated. Intraspecific genotypes of Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa D.C. have a high capacity for use, but at the same time do not ensure overcoming the genetic barrier in terms of changing climatic conditions. Performance and productivity depend on climatic conditions; genotype; cultivation technology. Analyzing the average annual temperature for the period 2002-2024, it was found that it is 10.8 ⁰C, and in relation to the average annual temperature, the norm calculated on the territory of the Republic of Moldova, it demonstrated an increase of 1.33 ⁰C. Taking into account the functionality of the taxonomic entities used in grapevine crossing techniques in relation to the climatic factors of the species: Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa D.C. (2n=38) and Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx. (2n=40) with reduced combinatorial capacity, interspecific genotypes of rhizogenic grapevine BC₃ with valuable characters were obtained. Overcoming climate change can be achieved by creating grapevine genotypes with increased adaptability, as well as by rectifying the technological elements of cultivation. Changing climatic conditions requires revising the technological elements of grapevine cultivation, for example, the use of mulch from plant residues, which contributes to preserving moisture in the soil, prevents and stops soil erosion, improves soil biota, etc., as well as considerably reduces logistical costs in the cultivation process. The present study aims to highlight the interspecific adaptability created to climate change in grapevines.