Cadmium's effects on germination and growth in Dianthus deltoides: an in vitro culture approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59463/jsxqt532Keywords:
Dianthus deltoides, Cadmium toxicity, , In vitro culture, Heavy metal stressAbstract
Heavy metals, such as cadmium, pose a real threat to the health and balance of ecosystems and have a significant impact on organisms and plants. The use of biotechnology to assess toxicity levels in plants, as well as to set species-specific toxicity thresholds, may be a feasible method for determining effects and also for creating new genotypes more adapted to environmental conditions and changes.In this research, we focused on the impact of cadmium on germination and growth processes in Dianthus deltoides using cadmium concentrations of 1,124, 11,24 and 112,4 mg/l. The experiment was conducted by growing the plants under in vitro conditions in MS medium supplemented with different cadmium concentrations over three time periods of 7, 14 and 21 days.The results showed a decrease in root growth and leaf area and a complete inhibition of the germination process at the highest cadmium concentrations, highlighting the toxic impact that cadmium can have on plants and organisms in general. A noteworthy finding in concentration of 11,24 mg/l revealed a negative impact of cadmium. Although, that effect wasn't immediately observable in the initial analysis period, the prolonged exposure to cadmium concentrations resulted in significant differences in root growth and leaf area compared to the control (p < 0.05).These results underscore the plants response to varying cadmium levels and underscore the significance of exposure duration. Specifically, the findings suggest that the toxic effects of cadmium may not manifest immediately but intensify with prolonged exposure. Thus, by using biotechnology and in vitro cultures, toxicity phenomena as well as heavy metal effects can be determined.
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