Callus induction and maintenance in sunflower: Assessment for genotype conservation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59463/vs4r5702Keywords:
biotechnology, breeding, growth hormones, Helianthus annuus, MS media, regenerationAbstract
In vitro technique for the conservation of sunflower germplasm provides a perspective for enhancing breeding programs. In this study, we investigated the induction of callus and evaluated direct plant regeneration from sunflower seeds of different genotypes using specific culture technology. For the experiment we used three commercial hybrids (genotypes G1, G2, G3) based on their technologies Imidazolinine (IMI), Sulphonylureic (SU) and Conventional (CONV) and were grouped as it follows: G1–IMI, G2–SU, and G3–CONV. Furthermore, for the in vitro culture Murashige & Skoog (MS) media with hormone combinations of auxins as the Alpha-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) and the 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and cytokinins as the 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) were used. Callus induction was observed in all three genotypes using media with both 5 mg/l BAP and 2 mg/l 2,4-D. Genotype G3 showed the highest rate of induction to BAP (100%). Plant regeneration was successful only in the medium containing 5 mg/l BAP + 0.35 mg/l NAA, with the efficiency on genotype G1 of 30%. However, in the other hormone combinations, regeneration did not occur. Results suggest that the genotype has a strong dependency for the success of in vitro regeneration and highlight the importance of optimizing the phytohormonal concentrations to succeed plant regeneration.
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