Oil content of grapevine seeds of intra- and interspecific genotypes

Abstract

As a result of processing grapevines, the secondary derived products obtained constitute about 20% of the total processed mass. Grapevine seeds contain 9-20% oil. These oily substances contribute to strengthening the activity of the human body, which demonstrates that they can serve as raw material for obtaining and using these seed oils. The present study aimed to determine the comparative amount of oil in grapevine seeds of intra- and interspecific origin genotypes with green-yellowish and blue-violet berries. The seeds subject to the study were extracted from the berries until the start of the must fermentation process, using the nuclear magnetic resonance method. Determining the oil content in grapevine seeds of intraspecific genotypes with yellow-green berries, it was found that they contain about 13.8 % oil (Fetesca regală) and 13.7% oil (Sauvigon), while seeds of interspecific genotypes with yellow-green berries contain about 13.45-14.46% oil (Alexandrina, Sarmis, etc.). Grapevine seeds of intraspecific genotypes with blue-violet berries contain 13.5% oil (Feteasca neagră) and 16.6% oil (Merlot), while seeds of interspecific genotypes with blue-violet berries contain 11% oil (Ametist) and 15.35% oil (Sor). The amount of oil in the seeds depends on the genotype, as well as the climatic conditions of grapevine cultivation. Analyzing the climatic conditions in the area where grapevine genotypes grow, an increase in air temperature was found in relation to the calculated annual norm of 3.23 ⁰C. When growing grapes in an arid climate, the oil content in the seeds is higher than when growing grapes in an area with moderate temperatures.